Input voltage and output voltage of car charger
At present, the electric vehicle chargers on the market are mainly divided into AC chargers and DC chargers, and their input voltage and output voltage are as follows:
Electric vehicle AC charger
Input voltage
less than or equal to 5kW: This is limited to some old electric vehicle chargers, which are not common on the market. We usually use 3.7kw portable charger to charge a car.
Greater than 5kW:This is a more mainstream charger on the market, with 7Kw, 11kw, and 22kw. While in Europe, if you want to use 3 phase to charger a car, you must apply for special electricity from Grid; then you should consider whether the ev compatible with 3 phase charging or not.
In America, the electricity for home use is single phase only, which means that you can only improve ac current to boost the charging speed. So 50 A as max for ac current thus 11kw at most.
Output voltage
If a single-phase power supply is installed, the output voltage is usually 220V AC, and if a three-phase power supply is installed, the output voltage is 380V AC. It is worth noting that it does not directly connect 220V or 380V to the car battery, but converts AC into DC power through the on-board charger for charging.
Electric vehicle DC charger
Input voltage
For some electric vehicle chargers with higher input voltage, DC chargers are usually used. Fast charging or super fast charging is usually used to describe it on the market.
Output voltage
The output voltage of this car charger is as low as 380V and as high as 800V. Therefore, it can be achieved in half an hour, or even shorter time to fully charge the car battery.
What is the input voltage of car chargers of different levels?
From the above content, we know that there are AC chargers and DC chargers on the market. We generally divide these two types of electric vehicle chargers into 3 categories. Let's learn about them separately:
Level 1 charger: Since it usually uses a standard voltage of 120V, it can be used at home. However, it is not very common now because of its extremely slow charging speed.
Level 2 charger: Compared with the Level 1 charger, the Level 2 charger has been greatly improved in design and material use, and the charging process is safer and more stable. In the United States, 208/240V voltage is usually used. 208V is usually used for commercial charging piles, while 240V is usually used for residential use. In Europe, 230V single-phase power supply or 400V three-phase power supply is usually used.
Level 3 charger: It uses DC fast charging, which generally requires 480V three-phase AC to work. It can directly transmit DC power to the vehicle's battery, reducing the loss of current transmission process, so the vehicle battery can be fully charged in a shorter time.
Where does the input voltage of the electric vehicle charger come from?
At present, the input voltage of electric vehicle chargers mainly comes from the following four channels:
State Grid: As the main source of power supply, the State Grid provides stable power input for various electric vehicle chargers through its huge power transmission and distribution network.
Automobile alternator: During the driving process of the vehicle, the automotive alternator can convert the mechanical energy of the engine into electrical energy to charge the vehicle battery. It can also be used as one of the input voltage sources of the charger, but its charging power is relatively limited.
Solar panels: With the development of solar energy technology, some electric vehicle chargers are equipped with solar panels. Solar panels can convert solar energy into electrical energy and provide input voltage for the charger. This method has the advantages of environmental protection and renewable, but is greatly affected by weather and light conditions.
Mobile charging robot: This is an emerging charging device. The mobile charging robot can autonomously drive to the parking position of the electric vehicle and provide charging services for the vehicle. The power supply carried inside is the input voltage source of the charger. This charging method is highly flexible and can be deployed on demand.
The impact of charging voltage on the battery
The impact on battery performance and life
Existing technology has no perfect solution to the problem of battery loss caused by charging. Moreover, the higher the charging voltage, the more intense the chemical reaction inside the battery will be, and the greater the impact on the battery.
However, it does not mean that the lower the voltage, the better, because too low a voltage will cause the active substances inside the battery to be unable to be fully reduced and gradually lose their activity, thereby further reducing the battery capacity.
Maintain the correct charging method
Always charging the battery with the appropriate charging voltage can keep the battery in the best working state and better exert its performance advantages. In order to extend the life of electric vehicle batteries, once you purchase our electric vehicle charger, we will patiently guide customers on how to charge at the correct voltage.
Summary
As a key factor affecting charging efficiency, battery life and vehicle performance, the charging voltage of electric vehicles is beneficial to extend the service life of electric vehicle batteries when we understand it in detail. At the same time, it can help consumers choose suitable electric vehicle chargers in a more economical way, achieving a win-win situation in economic benefits and performance.
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